Heterofulvalene geminal dithiolate compounds and their selenium and tellurium analogs and a method of fabricating the same

ABSTRACT

The invention is directed to novel heterofulvalene geminal dithiolate compounds and their selenium and tellurium analogs having the general formula ##STR1## wherein X is selected from S, Se and Te. R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, or together form a ring of carbon atoms, cyano and dithiocarbonate groups and R 1  is selected from alkali, alkaline earth and transition metals, alkyl, aryl, cyclic and heterocyclic groups. 
     A novel method for preparing these compounds is also provided.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 038,050 filed May 10, 1979,now U.S. Pat. No. 4,312,991.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention is directed to novel heterofulvalene geminaldithiolate compounds and their selenium and tellurium analogsderivatives thereof. These compounds are key synthetic intermediates forthe preparation of tetrathiafulvalene derivatives andtetraselenafulvalene derivatives which are useful in optical printing ofconducting patterns, in electrochromic displays and in high resolutionlithography.

2. Prior Art

It is well known that charge transfer salts containing the organicdonors tetrathiafulvalene or selenium analogs tetraselenafulvalenes arethe most electrically conducting organic solids (see Coleman et al SolidState Commun. 12, 1125 (1973) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,028,346 to Engler etal). U.S. Pat. No. 4,089,857 to Engler et al discloses the synthesis oftetrathiapentalene and tetraselenapentalene compounds which are used asintermediates for the preparation of tetrathiafulvalene andtetraselenafulvalene, respectfully.

As far as we are aware, the heterofulvalene geminal dithiolatecompositions of the present invention are novel. Related structures havebeen described previously. For example, see a review by D. Coucouvanisin Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 11, p. 233, 1970 andpublications by Jensen and Henriksen, Acta Chem. Scand., 22, 1107 (1968)and 23, 3213, (1970) ibid.

The above cited prior art does not however, disclose the compositions ofthis invention, their synthesis or their chemical conversion to noveltetraheterofulvalene derivatives.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The overall synthetic procedure for the preparation of compounds of thepresent invention is outlined below. ##STR2## where; R=H, alkyl, aryl,where R units are connected in a cyclic or heterocyclic structure (e.g.benzo: --CH═CH--CH═CH--, trimethylene: --CH₂ --CH₂ --CH₂ --;dithiocarbonate: ##STR3## X=S, Se. R² =alkyl, aryl, acyl, or where thetwo mole equivalents are in the same molecule as in M⁺⁻ Y-R² -Y⁻ M⁺(e.g. salts of orthodithiobenzene or 1,4-butanedithiol, etc.)

Y=S, Se, Te

M=alkali metal (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺), quarternary ammonium (e.g.trialkylammonium such as (CH₃)₃ NH⁺, (CH₃ CH₂)₃ NH⁺, etc.)

R¹ =alkali metal ion (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺), alkaline earth metal ion (Mg⁺²,Ca⁺²), transition metal ion (Ni⁺², Fe⁺³, Pd⁺², Cu⁺², etc.), alkyl, alsoalkyls having unsaturated groups such as propargyl: --CH₂ --C.tbd.CH,ketones (e.g. cyclopentanone), aryl groups (e.g. phenyl, etc.), andwherein R¹ units are connected in a cyclic or heterocyclic structure(e.g. where two mole equivalents of Z are in the same molecule: Z-R¹ -Zsuch as in 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dichloroethyl ether, etc.).

Z=Cl, Br or I

The first step of the method of preparing the composition of the presentinvention involves the reaction of a cis-dicyanotetraheterofulvalenederivative with two equivalents of an organic sulfide, selenide ortelluride compound which is typically generated by reaction of thecorresponding chalocogen alcohol (i.e. R² -YH) with bases (such astrialkylamines, KOH, KH, etc.) or by reaction of the elemental chalcogenwith an alkyl metal salt (such as n-butyl lithium) phenyl magnesiumbromide, etc. The reaction can be carried out in a variety of solventsincluding acetonitrile or dimethylformamide. The reaction to givecompounds I and II above is complete in a few minutes at roomtemperature. Sometimes it is necessary to cool the reaction to about 0°C. depending on the nature of R. For example, when R units are connectedby a dithiocarbonate ##STR4## cooling to 0° C. is required. Becausegeminal dithiolates are easily oxidized, reactions are typically carriedout in an inert atmosphere, e.g. under nitrogen or argon. Compounds Iand II can be separated at this stage, or kept in situ to be reacted inthe second step with R¹ -Z (or Z-R¹ -Z) to give compound III above. Thesecond step is also carried out at room temperature, and is usuallycompleted in a couple of minutes. In some cases, depending on the natureof functional groups in R¹, subsequent chemical treatment may be moredesirable than isolation of compound III. For example, reaction of Iwith α-haloketones provides alcohol derivatives of compound III whichare readily converted to tetrathiafulvalenes on treatment with strongacids (e.g., H₂ SO₄, HClO₄, etc.) as shown below: ##STR5##

We have found that the reactions leading to compounds I, II and III tobe quite general and to proceed in excellent yields, e.g. typicalyields=50%-80%, in most cases. Reactions where X and Y are sulfur givethe best yields, while when Y is selenium or tellurium lower yieldse.g., 30-50% are obtained.

The reaction of tetrathiafulvalenes with R² -Y⁻ M⁺ to give geminaldithiolate salts and compounds is specific to cis-dicyano substitutedtetrathiafulvalenes. For example, other electron withdrawingsubstituents such as trifluoromethyl (--CF₃) or carbomethoxy (--CO₂ CH₃)in tetraheterofulvalenes do not give geminal dithiolate compound I.

Furthermore, the reaction of cis-dicyanotetrathiafulvalenes withsulfides is very selective and proceeds even in the presence of otherbase sensitive functional groups. For example,cis-dicyanodithiocarbonatetetrathiafulvalene, (also named:2,3-dicyano-6,7-(2'-oxo-1'3'-dithioleno)-(4',5'-h)-tetrathiafulvalene,see structure IV) reacts only at the dicyanoethylene end of the moleculeand not at the base sensitive dithiocarbonate group to give compound Vwhich is isolated as the methyl derivative by addition of methyl iodideto give,dithiomethyl-(4,5-(2'-oxo-1',3'-dithioleno)-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl)methylene (see structure VI). ##STR6##

Reaction of V, with sodium methoxide or methyl lithium leads to reactionat the dithiocarbonate group to give a 1,2-dithiolate intermediate whichis reacted with transition metal salts such as nickel acetate and thenoxygen to give the novel bis-dithiolene VII (shown below) which displaysan unusual, low-energy, strong electronic absorption (at 1.4μ) and isuseful in Q-switch applications for lasers. ##STR7##

By appropriate choice of R¹, compounds I and III can be further reactedto a variety of materials which possess useful and novel electrical andoptical properties. For example, treatment oftetracyanotetrathiafulvalene with two mole equivalents of a sulfide,followed by addition of an α-chloroketone and treatment withconcentrated acid gives the unsymmetrically substitutedtetrathiafulvalene VIII as shown below: ##STR8##

In another example, reaction of tetracyanotetrathiafulvalene with twomole equivalents of a sulfide, followed by addition of 1,2-dichloroethylether gives compound IX which on treatment with acid and heat providesthe unsymmetrical dicyanotetrathiafulvalene X as shown below: ##STR9##

Unsymmetrical cis-dicyanotetrathiafulvalenes such as compounds VII and Xare of interest since they can be converted to novel phathalocyaninederivatives illustrated below: ##STR10## R=H, alkyl, phenyl, etc. M=Ni,Cu, Fe, Pt, etc.

The geminal dithiolate salts described by formula I are air-sensitiveand have to be handled under inert atmosphere conditions. They areeasily oxidized by oxygen, iodine, peracids, and the like to givecoupled products which undergo myraid of complex chemistry. For example:##STR11##

Because of this sensitivity of I to air-oxidation it is generallypreferable to immediately react I in situ with further reagents of thetype R¹ -Z (or Z-R¹ -Z). In this connection, while a variety of R¹groups are successfully reacted to give compounds of the type describedby formula III, those which are easily reducible are not appropriate.For example, treatment of geminal dithiolate salt I (X=S, R=CN, M=K)with chloranil does not lead to displacement of the chlorines but toreduction of chloranil to its stable radical anion salt as shown below:##STR12##

A useful alternative to handling salts of I is to react them with acylderivatives to give compounds of the general formula XI. Thesethioesters can be stored and reacted as needed with base to generate thegeminal dithiolate salt again, for example, as shown below:

The following examples are given solely for purposes of illustration andare not to be considered limitation on the invention, many variations ofwhich are possible without departing from the spirit or scope thereof.

EXAMPLE 1 ##STR14##

To one mole equivalent of tetracyanotetrathiafulvalene, dissolved innitrogen-purged acetonitrile, is added two mole equivalents oftriethylamine and one mole equivalent of o-toluenedithiol under nitrogenwith stirring. Excess methyl iodide is added, and the solventevaporated. The reaction mixture is then chromatographed (silica gel,chloroform-hexane) to givedithiomethyl-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl)-methylene as apurple-red solid; mp 126° C.; analysis for C₈ H₆ N₂ S₄, calcd %C:37.20,%H:2.32, %N:10.85, %S 49.61, found %C:37.21, %H:2.27, %N 10.84, %S49.57. A by-product from this reaction was also isolated and identifiedas 2,3-dicyano-5,6-(3'-methylbenzo)-1,4-dithiene: yellow solid; m.p.180° C.; analysis for C₁₁ H₆ N₂ S₂, calcd %C:57.39, %H:2.60, %N:12.17;%S:27.82, found %C:57.29, %H:2.75, %N:11.73, %S:26.63.

EXAMPLE 2

The same reaction conditions as provided in Example 1 are followed,except two mole equivalents of methylthiol are used in place of one moleequivalent of o-toluenedithiol. Work up of the reaction mixture gavedithiomethyl-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl)-methylene and as theby-product: 1,2-dithiomethyl-1,2-dicyanoethylene.

EXAMPLE 3

The same reaction conditions as provided in Example 1 are followed,except two mole equivalents of phenylthiol are used in place of one moleequivalent of o-toluenedithiol. Work up of the reaction mixture gavedithiomethyl-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithiolen-2-yl) methylene and as theby-product 1,2-dithiophenyl-1,2-dicyanoethylene.

EXAMPLE 4

The same reaction conditions as provided in Example 1 are followed,except two mole equivalents of sodium thioacetate ##STR15## are used inplace of triethylamine and o-toluenedithiol. Work-up of the reactionmixture gave dithiomethyl-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl)-methylene.

EXAMPLE 5

The same reaction conditions as provided in Example 1 are followed,except two mole equivalents of lithium n-butylselenide are used in placeof triethylamine and o-toluenedithiol. Work up of the reaction mixturegave dithiomethyl-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithiolen-2-yl) methylene.

EXAMPLE 6

The same reaction conditions as provided in Example 1 are followed,except two mole equivalents of lithium n-butyltelluride are used inplace of triethylamine and o-toluenedithiol. Work up of the reactionmixture gave dithiomethyl-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl) methylene.

EXAMPLE 7 ##STR16##

To one mole equivalent of tetracyanotetrathiafulvalene, dissolved innitrogen-purged acetonitrile, is added two mole equivalents of potassiumthioacetate dissolved in anhydrous methanol. After stirring 10 minutes,a solution of one mole equivalent of 1,2-dibromoethane in acetonitrileis added dropwise. The reaction mixture is then heated to reflux for 1/2hour. Evaporation of the solvent gave a dark oil which was dissolved inacetone and chromatographed (silica gel, hexane-benzene) to give2,3-dicyano-6,7-dihydrotetrathiafulvalene as a purple solid; mp230°-232° C.; analysis for C₈ H₄ N₂ S₄ : calcd %C:37.50, %H:1.56,%N:10.93, %S:50.00, found %C:37.68, %H:1.74, %N:10.61, %S:50.42.

EXAMPLE 8 ##STR17##

The same reaction conditions as provided in Example 1 are followed,except one mole equivalent of 1,2-dichloroethylethyl ether is used inplace of methyl iodide. Work up of the reaction mixture gave2,3-dicyano-6-ethoxy-6,7-dihydrotetrathiafulvalene as a purple solid; mp129° C.; mass spectrum, parent ion: 300.

EXAMPLE 9 ##STR18##

The same reaction conditions as provided in Example 1 are followed,except two mole equivalents of propargyl bromide are used in place ofmethyl iodide. Work up of the reaction mixture gavedithiopropargyl-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl)-methylene as anorange-red solid; mp 165°; mass spectrum, parent ion: 306.

EXAMPLE 10

To one equivalent of tetracyanotetrathiafulvalene dissolved innitrogen-purged acetonitrile is added two mole equivalents of potassiumphenylsulfide under nitrogen with stirring. Concentration of thereaction mixture precipitates the dark-brown, air-sensitive salt ofdipotassium dithiolate-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl)-methylene.Further reaction of this salt todithiomethyl-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl)-methylene wasaccomplished by redissolving in acetonitrile and adding excess methyliodide.

EXAMPLE 11 ##STR19##

The same reaction conditions as provided in Example 1 are followed,except two mole equivalents of benzol chloride are used in placed ofmethyl iodide, and florosil is used in place of silica gel in thechromatography on the reaction mixture. Work-up of the reaction mixturegave dithiobenzoate-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl)-methylene as adark red solid; mp: 109° C., mass spectrum 438.

EXAMPLE 12

The same reaction conditions as provided in Example 1, except 0.5 moleequivalents of nickel acetate is used in placed of methyl iodide. Thetriethyl ammonium salt ofbis(dithiolate-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl)-methylene) nickelprecipitates from the reaction solution as a black solid; mp: >360° C.The spectrum in dimethylformamide displayed broad visible absorptions at11,500 and 16,500 A.

EXAMPLE 13 ##STR20##

The same reaction conditions as provided in Example 1 are followed,except tetracyanotetraselenafulvalene is used in place oftetracyanotetrathiafulvalene. Work-up of the reaction mixture gavediselenomethyl-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-diselenoliden-2-yl)methylene as anorange-red solid; mp 135° C.; mass spectrum parent ion (based on ⁸⁰ Se):450.

EXAMPLE 14 ##STR21##

To one mole equivalent of tetracyanotetrathiafulvalene, dissolved innitrogen-purged acetonitrile, is added two equivalents of sodiumthioacetate. After 10 minutes stirring, one mole equivalent of2-chlorocyclopentanone is added and the reaction mixture stirred for 30minutes. Evaporation of the solvent gave a dark colored oil which wasslowly added to ice-cooled concentrated sulfuric acid. Dilution of theacid solution with large volumes of ether, provided a purple solid whichwas purified by chromatography (silica gel, hexane-chloroform) to give2,3-dicyano-6,7-trimethylenetetrathiafulvalene: mp 210° C.; massspectrum, parent ion 294.

EXAMPLE 15 ##STR22##

To one mole equivalent of2,3-dicyano-6,7-(2'-oxo-1',3'-dithioleno)-(4',5'-h)-tetrathiafulvalene(see structure IV), dissolved in nitrogen-purged acetonitrile in anice-bath is added dropwise two mole equivalents of triethylamine andphenyl thiol in aceonitrile. After 30 minutes stirring, excess methyliodide is added and the solvent evaporated. The oily reaction mixture ischromatographed (silica gel, hexane-chloroform) to givedithiomethyl-(4,5-(2'-oxo-1',3'-dithioleno)-1,3-dithioliden-2-yl)methyleneas a light olive solid; mp 138° C.; mass spectrum, parent ion 298.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:
 1. A new composition of matterdiselenomethyl-(4,5-dicyano-1,3-diselenoliden-2-yl)-methylene.